Plastics, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe na-egbochi ihe (n'ozuzu ikwu, na-ekwu okwu, na-ekwu okwu, na-eguzogide nke ihe ndị dị n'elu 107 Ohm-m, ya bụ, omume dị n'okpuru 10-7 s / m). Ihe ndị na - egbochi ihe ndị dị mkpa bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ eletriki na elektrọnik (elektrọnik, na nhọrọ nhọrọ ha bụ isi ihe ga - eme ka ha hụ na ịdị mma na igwe eletrik. Ngwakọta na-egbochi ihe na-etinye ihe na-emetụta ihe ndị na - eme ihe na - emetụta ihe akụrụngwa, akụrụngwa arụmọrụ, ihe ndị ọzọ gụnyere na elu ya, ike na - egbu oge, ike dielectric , iguzogide ọnya elektrik, iguzogide eletrik arc, nguzogide cronance, mwepu nke onye na-eleda anya na ihe ndị ọzọ.
The performance of plastic insulating materials in the electric field, we usually use dielectric properties to describe, specifically including dielectric conductivity, dielectric polarization, dielectric loss and dielectric strength of the four basic properties, and its corresponding characteristic parameters are resistivity (ρv, ρs) . N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, rọba n'ime ihe na-emebi ihe na-eme ihe, polarization, mfu, na ndakpọ n'ọhịa eletrik. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, mkpuchi nke akụkụ plastik na-egosi mkpuchi elu na mkpuchi dị n'ime. Ibe ihe dị elu na-agụnye akụrụngwa dị ka elu guzogide, iguzogide eletrik, na-eguzogide, ike dielectric, mwepu dielectric, mwepu dielectric, cartionalcuctic, mwepu dimkpa.
1. Ntugide mgbochi na iguzogide
Ngu uche na-eguzogide bụ otu n'ime usoro ihe dị mkpa iji mata ihe ndị na-egbochi ya, mkpuchi ahụ na-eguzogide akụkụ abụọ, RV), Rs), na-adịgide adịgide na elu Onu olu na-eguzogide (ρv) na elu na-eguzogide (elu na-eguzosi ike, RS), n'otu n'otu. Mkpa ọgụ kwekọrọ bụ mpịakọta na-adịgide adịgide (ρv) na elu na-eguzosi ikechi ya, n'otu n'otu. Site na nkọwa ahụ, a na-etinye ụda nguzosi ike na ụdị "abụọ" dị na elu electrodes abụọ ahụ, olu na-adịgide adịgide na-echebe ya, olu na-adịgide adịgide pị olu olu; A na-etinye elu elu na ụdị "a" n'elu electrode abụọ ahụ, a na-eguzogide elu dị na ụdị "a" n'elu electrodes abụọ ahụ. Eguzo eguzogide dị na ụdị electrodes abụọ ahụ "a" dị n'elu electrodes abụọ nke voltaji abụọ na-agbakwunye n'etiti electrodes abụọ ahụ na-asọpụta site na electrodes abụọ ahụ bụ mpaghara mpaghara nke nguzogide elu. N'ezie, a ga-enwe obere ihe na mpaghara ọkụ eletrik, a ga-enwekwa obere obere, nke a dị ugbu a site na ngwa ahịa, a na-akpọ Spatage ugbu a (dị ugbu a dị ugbu a).
Usoro nnwale maka olu na elu nguzogide nke plasting bụ iTm 60093, ASTM D257 na GB / T, ike ọkụ na eletriki ga-enwe Mmetụta na mmekpuru nke plastik. The volume resistivity of common plastic insulating materials is between 107 ~ 1016 Ω-m and the surface resistivity is between 1010 ~ 1017 Ω. N'ikwu okwu, na-eguzosi ike na polmers na-abụghị nke polmers karịa nke polmers polmers, mana n'ihi ọdịiche dị na nchịkọta ihe, na usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe.
2. Dielactric na-egbu egbu
A na-akpọkarị permittivity (a na-akpọkarị onye na-ekwu okwu ike, εr) bụ ihe ndị ikwu na ikike nke ikike dị n'etiti electrode na oghere electrode mgbe oghere juru eju na ihe mgbochi. Dielecric mgbe niile bụ ngwaahịa nke Dielcric na-adịkarị mma na oghere dielecric mgbe niile. Dielactcric mfu (Δ), bụ akụkụ nke ọdịiche nke usoro dị n'etiti voltaji etinyere na ikike inssulating dị ka ugbu a. A na-eji ike na-egbu ihe na-egbu egbu, na-akụda mmụọ, na-etisakwa ike na-eme ihe na-eme ihe ike, ya bụ, nke a na-etinye ọkụ eletrik . Na ntinye uche, isi iyi nke dielecric mgbe niile bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emebi ihe na ọkụ eletrik, na-akpụ ubi eletriki ọkụ, nke na-ebelata ike eletriki nke ike; Isi mmalite nke mfu na-egbu maramara bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emebi ihe na ọkụ eletrik, na-etinye ike eletriki ma na-agbanye ya n'ụdị okpomọkụ.
Ihe mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi na-egbu egbu na-egbu oge na-egbu oge na-egbu oge nke ụkpụrụ ule bụ nke IEC 6025. Ebe a iji kwuo ugboro abụọ Mmụba na ugboro ole mpaghara eletriki, na-ebelata na-ebelata, mfu na-abawanye ụba. Pollaryle na-abụghị pollics, dị ka polyethylene, polystyynene, polystyrefkooroorooroorooroorooroorooroorooroorooroethylene na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ọcha na-adịkarị obere (10-8 ~ 10-8 ~ 10- 4); Polar plastic, dị ka pvc, phenalic resins, nylon, wdg, na-arụ ọrụ na-egbu oge (0.01 ~ 0.2). Dị ka ihe mejupụtara akụ na ụba na-emetụtakwa ihe akụrụngwa, na ọnọdụ nnwale.
3. Ike Dielactric
A na-ekewa ule dielectoc (ike) na ụdị abụọ, ntụgharị uche na voltaji na-aga. Nnwale nke ndabiá dị na ule ọkụ eletrik na-aga n'ihu mgbe voltaji na-aga n'ihu, nke ahụ bụ voltaji (voltaji ma ọ bụ mgbapụta nke voltaji) ike na ike diehetric (kV / mm). Na-emegide ule voltaji dị na nzọụkwụ, ihe na-emegide voltaji kachasị elu, nke ahụ bụ, na-emegide voltaji (na-emegide voltaji ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ voltaji); Na ọkwa voltaji, ụdị ule ahụ dum anaghị eme n'ime ndakpọ ahụ. Ọ dị mma ịmara nke ahụ, n'oge ule ahụ, enwere ike nke Flashrover, ya bụ, ụdị ahụ na electrodes gburugburu mfu nke ikuku ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri.
Isi ụkpụrụ maka ịnwale ike ifo na-eme ka ike nke ihe mkpuchi ọkụ bụ IEC 60243, GB / T 1695, nke bụ usoro nnwale maka roba. Ọ bara uru ịkọ nkọ na ebili mmiri nke ike na-emetụta ike na ugboro (DC, ụda olu), oge ọkụ eletrik, ọkpụrụkpụ, na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ike dielecrucric nke ebumnuche zuru oke na akwa injinia dị ihe dị ka 10 ~ 60 klypropylene, polypropyylene, polypropyylene, polyester na polymimide bụ 100 ~ 300 kV / mm.
